| 巴林地理 |
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| 2002-08-07 05:04 |
Position and Area
The State of Bahrain is an island group located off the central southern shores of the Arabian Gulf between latitude 25° 32" and 26° 20" North and longitude 050° 20" and 050° 50" East.
The state comprises some 36 islands, with a total land area of about 706 square km.
The largest of these is Bahrain Island where the capital city, Manama, is situated. Bahrain Island is 48 km long from north to south, and up to 16 km wide at its maximum point east to west. Bahrain Island accounts for nearly 85% of the total area of the State.
The next largest elements are the southern archipelago called Hawar (50 square km), not far from the coast of Qatar, followed by the desert island of Umm Na'san (19 square km), the populous Muharraq Island (18 square km) connected by causeways to Bahrain, and finally Sitra (10 square km), a mainly industrial island also connected to Bahrain by causeways.
The remaining small islands, islets and coral reefs combine to make up the rest of the land mass.
Geography
Bahrain is low lying. Typically the limestone bedrock slopes very gently towards the roughly central peak of Jebel Dukhan (meaning "Mountain of Smoke" as on hot humid days it becomes surrounded by a misty haze). Its top is only 137 metres above sea level, but seems higher due to the flatness of the surrounding plain.
Land use varies greatly, from extensive urban development and diligently cultivated areas in the north, to sandy wastes spreading south, east and west from Jebel Dukhan. Here true desert conditions exist with only sparse tough desert plants growing among the barren limestone rimrock and varying depth of sands.
Horticulture and agriculture flourishes in the north, limited only by limitations on fresh water supplies from artesian wells or de-salination plants. Gardens grow dates, almonds, pomegranates, figs, citrus fruit, and a wide range of vegetables.
Another noticeable feature of the Bahrain landscape is the immense quantity of man-made stony tumuli or burial mounds. |
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